Target archery

Target archery is a sport that involves shooting arrows at a stationary circular target from a set distance. It is one of the two major forms of archery, the other being field archery. Target archery is practiced both outdoors and indoors, with distances ranging from 18 meters (approximately 20 yards) to 90 meters (approximately 98 yards) for outdoor competitions. The sport is governed internationally by the World Archery Federation (WA), and it is an Olympic and Paralympic sport.

History

The origins of target archery are difficult to pinpoint, but it has been a part of human culture for thousands of years, initially for hunting and warfare, and later as a competitive sport. The modern form of target archery began to develop in the 18th century, with the establishment of archery societies and the standardization of rules and equipment. The first known archery competition took place in Finsbury, England, in 1583 and involved 3,000 participants.

Equipment

The primary equipment used in target archery includes the bow, arrows, targets, and protective gear. Bows are divided into three main types: recurve, compound, and longbow. Recurve bows are used in the Olympics, while compound bows are featured in their own world championships. Arrows are made from various materials, including carbon fiber and aluminum, and are chosen based on factors like stiffness (spine) and length. Targets are made of foam or straw and are covered with a paper face marked with concentric rings, each worth a different point value.

Scoring

In target archery, the objective is to shoot arrows as close to the center of the target as possible. The target is divided into ten rings, with scores ranging from 1 to 10 points; hitting the outermost ring scores 1 point, while hitting the center, or bullseye, scores 10 points. In some competitions, the innermost ring is further divided, allowing for a maximum score of 11 or 12 points with a single arrow.

Competitions

Target archery competitions can be individual, team, or mixed team events. The most prestigious competition is the Olympic Games, where archers compete in individual and team events using the recurve bow. The World Archery Championships and other international competitions also feature compound bow events. Formats vary, but they typically include a qualification round followed by head-to-head elimination rounds.

Rules and Regulations

The World Archery Federation (WA) sets the rules for target archery competitions. These include regulations on equipment, shooting distances, competition formats, and athlete conduct. Safety rules are strictly enforced, with specific guidelines on the shooting line, waiting areas, and equipment inspection.

Popularity and Cultural Impact

Target archery has grown in popularity, partly due to its inclusion in the Olympic and Paralympic Games and its portrayal in popular culture. Archery clubs and ranges exist worldwide, offering opportunities for recreational shooting and competition. The sport also has therapeutic benefits and is used in programs for individuals with disabilities.