The Harp

Harp, Covent Garden, WC2 (2913857439)

The Harp is a string instrument that has been used in various forms and cultures throughout history, dating back as far as 3500 BC. Known for its distinctive shape and the rich, melodious sounds it produces, the harp consists of a large frame with a series of individual strings stretched between its upper and lower sections. These strings vary in length and are plucked with the fingers to produce music.

History

The harp's origins can be traced back to ancient civilizations in Africa, Europe, and Asia. The earliest harps were developed in Ancient Egypt, where they were played for both ceremonial and entertainment purposes. Over centuries, the harp evolved independently in different cultures, leading to a variety of designs and playing techniques. In Medieval Europe, the harp became associated with the Celtic cultures of Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, where it is still considered a national symbol.

Design and Types

Modern harps come in two main types: the lever harp and the pedal harp. The lever harp, also known as the Celtic harp, is smaller and more portable, with levers at the top of each string to change the pitch. The pedal harp, used primarily in orchestral and classical music, is larger and has pedals at the base that adjust the strings' pitch.

Pedal Harp

The pedal harp typically has 47 strings and seven pedals, each pedal controlling the pitch of all strings of one note in the scale, allowing the harpist to play in different keys and execute chromatic alterations.

Lever Harp

Lever harps vary in size and the number of strings, usually ranging from 22 to 36 strings. The levers, which are manually adjusted by the harpist, allow for key changes and modulation.

Playing Techniques

Playing the harp involves using the fingertips to pluck the strings. Harpists can produce different tones and dynamics depending on the method of plucking, the part of the finger used, and the string's material. Advanced techniques include glissando, where the harpist runs a finger across the strings to produce a sweeping sound, and harmonics, a technique that creates a light, bell-like sound.

Cultural Significance

The harp holds significant cultural importance in many societies. In Ireland, it is a national symbol, appearing on coins, government documents, and the Guinness logo. Harps also have a prominent place in the mythology and folklore of various cultures, often associated with magical and healing properties.

Contemporary Use

Today, the harp is found in a wide range of musical genres, from classical and folk to jazz and pop. Harpists continue to explore the instrument's versatility, composing new works and adapting music from other instruments to expand the harp's repertoire.

See Also

• String instrument
• Music of Ireland
• Orchestral harp