The Unicorn Tapestries

The Unicorn in Captivity (from the Unicorn Tapestries) MET DP118991

The Unicorn Tapestries, also known as the Hunt of the Unicorn, are a series of seven tapestries dating from the late 15th to early 16th centuries, now housed in The Cloisters, part of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. These exquisite works of art are considered one of the most significant and beautiful examples of medieval tapestry art, showcasing a rich display of symbolism, intricate designs, and vibrant colors. The tapestries depict the hunting, capture, and ultimately the killing of a unicorn, which is a mythical creature often symbolizing purity and grace in medieval lore.

History and Description

The exact origins of the Unicorn Tapestries are unknown, but they are believed to have been woven in the Southern Netherlands, a region renowned for its high-quality tapestry production during the medieval period. The tapestries are thought to have been commissioned by Anne of Brittany to celebrate her marriage to King Louis XII of France, although this theory remains speculative.

Each tapestry in the series portrays a different scene from the unicorn hunt. The narrative sequence is not entirely clear, but the tapestries are generally described as follows:

1. The Start of the Hunt
2. The Unicorn at the Fountain
3. The Unicorn is Attacked
4. The Unicorn Defends Itself
5. The Unicorn is Captured by the Virgin
6. The Unicorn is Killed and Brought to the Castle
7. The Mystic Capture of the Unicorn

The tapestries are renowned for their detailed portrayal of medieval life, flora, and fauna. They are also rich in symbolism, with the unicorn itself being a complex symbol of Christ, purity, and the lover ensnared by a virgin.

Symbolism

The Unicorn Tapestries are laden with Christian and other symbolic meanings. The unicorn, which can only be tamed by a virgin, is often interpreted as Christ, with the virgin representing the Virgin Mary. The enclosed garden in which the unicorn is often depicted is a symbol of Mary's virginity, a common motif in medieval art. Additionally, the various plants and animals depicted in the tapestries are symbolic, representing different virtues and aspects of Christ's passion.

Conservation and Display

The tapestries have undergone extensive conservation efforts to preserve their vibrant colors and intricate details. Today, they are displayed in a specially designed gallery at The Cloisters, where they continue to enchant visitors with their beauty and historical significance.

Cultural Impact

The Unicorn Tapestries have had a profound impact on art and culture, inspiring countless works of literature, music, and visual art. They are often referenced in discussions of medieval art and symbolism and continue to be a subject of scholarly study and public fascination.