Thermal shock

Thermal shock refers to a type of mechanical stress where a thermal gradient causes different parts of an object to expand by different amounts. This differential expansion can be understood as a change in volume or length, which can lead to stress in the material.

Overview

Thermal shock occurs when a thermal gradient causes different parts of an object to expand or contract at different rates. The effect is commonly seen in ceramics, glass, and metals, which have a high thermal conductivity and are susceptible to thermal stress.

Causes

Thermal shock can be caused by rapid changes in temperature, such as when a hot glass dish is placed in a cold environment or when a cold glass dish is placed in a hot environment. This rapid change in temperature causes different parts of the object to expand or contract at different rates, leading to stress in the material.

Effects

The effects of thermal shock can range from minor surface cracks to complete structural failure. In some cases, the material may be able to withstand the stress and return to its original shape once the temperature equalizes. However, in other cases, the stress may cause the material to crack or shatter.

Prevention

Preventing thermal shock involves controlling the rate of temperature change. This can be achieved by gradually heating or cooling the object, or by using materials that have a low coefficient of thermal expansion.

See also

• Mechanical stress
• Thermal gradient
• Thermal conductivity
• Coefficient of thermal expansion

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