Tioctic acid

Tioctic acid (also known as Alpha-lipoic acid or ALA) is an organic compound that acts as a potent antioxidant in the body. It is a vital cofactor for many enzyme complexes, particularly those involved in energy production.

Chemistry

Tioctic acid is a sulfur-containing compound, which is soluble in both water and fat, making it highly versatile. Its chemical formula is C8H14O2S2 and it has a molecular weight of 206.33 g/mol. The compound exists in two stereoisomeric forms, R and S, with the R form being the biologically active version.

Biosynthesis and Metabolism

Tioctic acid is synthesized in small amounts by plants and animals, including humans. The biosynthesis process involves the enzymes lipoic acid synthase and lipoic acid ligase. In the human body, tioctic acid is metabolized by the liver and excreted in the urine.

Biological Role

In the body, tioctic acid functions as a cofactor for several key enzymes involved in mitochondrial energy production. These include pyruvate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Tioctic acid also plays a role in glucose metabolism, helping to convert glucose into energy.

Health Benefits and Uses

Tioctic acid has been studied for its potential health benefits, particularly in relation to diabetes and neuropathy. It has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce symptoms of diabetic neuropathy. Tioctic acid is also used as a dietary supplement for its antioxidant properties, which can help to protect cells from damage by free radicals.

Safety and Side Effects

Tioctic acid is generally considered safe when taken as directed. However, some people may experience side effects such as stomach upset, nausea, or skin rash. As with any supplement, it is recommended to consult a healthcare provider before starting a new regimen.

See Also

• Antioxidant
• Diabetes
• Neuropathy
• Mitochondria
• Glucose metabolism