Tooth fungus

Tooth Fungus is a common name for a group of fungi that produce spore-bearing structures, known as hyphae, which resemble teeth. These fungi belong to various genera, including Hydnellum, Hericium, and Hydnum, among others. They are found in various habitats worldwide, particularly in forested areas where they play a crucial role in decomposition and nutrient cycling.

Taxonomy

Tooth fungi are part of the Basidiomycota division, which also includes other well-known fungi such as mushrooms and puffballs. They belong to the order Cantharellales, which is characterized by the presence of tooth-like structures on the underside of the fruiting body. The most common genera of tooth fungi are Hydnellum, Hericium, and Hydnum.

Morphology

Tooth fungi are characterized by their unique morphology. Unlike most fungi, which produce spores on gills or pores, tooth fungi produce their spores on tooth-like structures. These "teeth" can be long and slender, or short and stubby, depending on the species. The fruiting bodies of tooth fungi can be various colors, including white, brown, and orange.

Ecology

Tooth fungi are primarily saprophytic, meaning they obtain their nutrients by decomposing dead organic material. They play a vital role in forest ecosystems by breaking down dead wood and leaf litter, thereby contributing to nutrient cycling. Some species of tooth fungi are also mycorrhizal, forming beneficial relationships with trees and other plants.

Human use

Some species of tooth fungi are edible and are collected for food. For example, Hydnum repandum, commonly known as the sweet tooth or wood hedgehog, is a popular edible species. However, many species of tooth fungi are not edible and some can even be poisonous.

See also

• Mushroom hunting
• Mycology
• Fungal ecology