Total depravity

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Forbidden fruit

Total Depravity is a theological doctrine closely associated with the Reformed tradition of Christianity, particularly within Calvinism. This concept posits that as a consequence of the Fall of Man, every person is morally and spiritually bankrupt apart from divine grace. Total depravity asserts that sin has affected all parts of a person's being: the mind, will, emotions, and flesh. As a result, human beings, in their natural state, are incapable of choosing or doing good before God. It is important to note that "total" in this context does not mean that people are as evil as possible, but that sin affects all of our being.

Biblical Basis

The doctrine of total depravity finds its roots in various passages of the Bible. For instance, Romans 3:10-12 states, "There is no one righteous, not even one; there is no one who understands; there is no one who seeks God. All have turned away, they have together become worthless; there is no one who does good, not even one." This and other passages, such as Ephesians 2:1-3, which describes humans as "dead in transgressions and sins," are often cited as evidence for the doctrine.

Historical Development

Total depravity is a key component of the Five Points of Calvinism, also known as TULIP, where it represents the "Total Depravity" or "Total Inability." The concept was articulated by John Calvin, a French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, but it also has roots in the writings of Augustine of Hippo.

Implications for Salvation

According to the doctrine of total depravity, salvation cannot be achieved by human effort or willpower. Instead, it is entirely the work of God. This leads to the doctrine of Unconditional Election, another point of Calvinism, which teaches that God has chosen, from eternity, those who will be saved, not on the basis of any foreseen merit in them, but solely out of His grace and mercy.

Controversies and Criticisms

Total depravity is not without its critics, both within and outside of Christianity. Some argue that it presents a pessimistic view of human nature and underestimates the potential for human goodness. Others, particularly from the Arminian perspective, argue that while human nature is indeed fallen, individuals still possess a free will that allows them to accept or reject God's grace.

See Also

• Original Sin
• Predestination
• Free Will
• Sin