Trace mineral

Trace minerals, also known as trace elements, are a group of chemical elements that are required in minute quantities for the proper growth, development, and physiology of the organism. These elements are considered "trace" because they are present in such small concentrations, typically less than 100 parts per million (ppm) or 0.01% of an organism's total body weight.

Overview

Trace minerals include iron, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium, and iodine. These elements are found in a variety of foods, and their dietary intake is necessary for several biological functions. For example, iron is a key component of hemoglobin, the molecule that carries oxygen in the blood, while zinc is essential for enzyme function and protein synthesis.

Functions

Each trace mineral has a unique role in the body. For instance, copper is involved in the formation of red blood cells, while selenium acts as an antioxidant to protect cells from damage. Iodine is necessary for the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism.

Dietary Sources

Trace minerals are found in a wide range of foods. Iron is abundant in red meat, poultry, and fish, while zinc is found in oysters, red meat, and poultry. Copper is present in organ meats, shellfish, nuts, and seeds, and manganese is found in whole grains, nuts, and leafy green vegetables. Selenium is found in seafood, meat, and grains, and iodine is commonly found in iodized salt and seafood.

Deficiency and Toxicity

Both deficiency and excess of trace minerals can lead to health problems. For example, iron deficiency can cause anemia, while excess iron can lead to hemochromatosis, a condition characterized by excessive iron storage in the body. Similarly, zinc deficiency can lead to growth retardation and impaired immune function, while excess zinc can interfere with copper absorption and lead to copper deficiency.

See Also

• Mineral (nutrient)
• Dietary mineral
• Essential nutrient
• Micronutrient

Trace mineral Resources
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