Tracheostomy tube

Tracheostomy Tube

A Tracheostomy tube is a medical device that is inserted into a tracheostomy incision to maintain an open airway and assist with breathing. It is commonly used in patients who require long-term mechanical ventilation or have difficulty clearing secretions from the lungs.

History

The first recorded tracheostomy was performed by Asclepiades of Bithynia in the 1st century BC. However, the modern tracheostomy tube was not developed until the 20th century, with significant advancements in design and materials occurring in the latter half of the century.

Design

A tracheostomy tube is typically made of silicone, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or polyethylene. It consists of three parts: the outer cannula, the inner cannula, and the obturator. The outer cannula is the main body of the tube and remains in place in the tracheostomy. The inner cannula fits inside the outer cannula and can be removed for cleaning. The obturator is used to guide the tube into the tracheostomy and is removed once the tube is in place.

Procedure

The procedure to insert a tracheostomy tube, known as a tracheotomy, is performed under general anesthesia. The surgeon makes an incision in the neck and creates an opening in the trachea, into which the tracheostomy tube is inserted. The tube is then secured in place with sutures or a neck strap.

Complications

Potential complications of a tracheostomy tube include infection, bleeding, damage to the trachea, and difficulty speaking. Long-term use of a tracheostomy tube can also lead to the formation of granulation tissue, which can obstruct the airway.

See also

• Mechanical ventilation
• Respiratory therapy
• Intensive care medicine