Transmissible gastroenteritis

Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) is a highly contagious virus that primarily affects pigs. It is characterized by severe gastroenteritis, which leads to high mortality rates in piglets. The disease is caused by the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), a member of the Coronaviridae family.

Etiology

The causative agent of TGE is the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), a Coronavirus. TGEV is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus that is highly stable in the environment. The virus primarily targets the enterocytes lining the small intestine, leading to severe damage and subsequent diarrhea.

Epidemiology

TGE is found worldwide and affects pigs of all ages. However, the disease is most severe in neonatal piglets, where it can cause mortality rates of up to 100%. The virus is primarily spread through the fecal-oral route, with infected pigs shedding large amounts of the virus in their feces. Other routes of transmission include direct contact, aerosols, and fomites.

Clinical Signs and Diagnosis

The main clinical sign of TGE is severe, watery diarrhea, which can lead to rapid dehydration and death in piglets. Other signs may include vomiting, anorexia, and weight loss. Diagnosis is typically based on clinical signs and confirmed through laboratory testing, such as PCR or virus isolation.

Treatment and Control

There is no specific treatment for TGE. Management is primarily supportive, with a focus on rehydration and maintaining electrolyte balance. Control measures include strict biosecurity, quarantine of infected animals, and vaccination. However, vaccines may not be fully protective, and the best prevention is to maintain a high level of hygiene and biosecurity on the farm.

See Also

• Swine diseases
• Coronaviridae
• Gastroenteritis