Transmission-based precautions

Precautionary measures to prevent the spread of infectious diseases

Transmission-based precautions are a set of infection control practices used in healthcare settings to prevent the spread of infectious agents. These precautions are applied in addition to standard precautions and are based on the mode of transmission of the infectious agent. The three main types of transmission-based precautions are contact precautions, droplet precautions, and airborne precautions.

Types of Transmission-Based Precautions

Contact Precautions

Contact Precautions Poster

Contact precautions are used to prevent the spread of infectious agents that are transmitted through direct or indirect contact with the patient or the patient's environment. These precautions are essential for infections such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Clostridioides difficile. Measures include wearing gloves and gowns when entering the patient's room and ensuring proper hand hygiene.

Droplet Precautions

Droplet Precautions Poster

Droplet precautions are implemented to prevent the transmission of pathogens spread through respiratory droplets, which are expelled when a patient coughs, sneezes, or talks. Diseases such as influenza and pertussis require droplet precautions. Healthcare workers should wear a mask when within close proximity to the patient and ensure that the patient wears a mask when being transported.

Airborne Precautions

Airborne Precautions Poster

Airborne precautions are necessary for diseases that are transmitted through airborne particles that can remain suspended in the air for long periods. Examples include tuberculosis, measles, and varicella. Patients should be placed in a negative pressure room, and healthcare workers should wear a fit-tested N95 respirator or higher-level protection.

Implementation in Healthcare Settings

Transmission-based precautions are critical in preventing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). They are implemented based on the suspected or confirmed diagnosis of the patient and are adjusted as more information becomes available. Training and compliance among healthcare workers are essential to ensure the effectiveness of these precautions.

Challenges and Considerations

Implementing transmission-based precautions can be challenging due to resource limitations, the need for continuous training, and ensuring compliance among healthcare staff. Additionally, balancing the need for infection control with patient comfort and dignity is an ongoing consideration.

Related Pages

• Infection control
• Standard precautions
• Healthcare-associated infections

References

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Guidelines for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Healthcare Settings. Retrieved from [1]
• World Health Organization. (2023). Infection prevention and control. Retrieved from [2]