Transport tetany

Transport Tetany is a physiological condition affecting animals, particularly cattle and sheep, during or after transportation. This condition, also known as transit tetany, transport stress, or shipping fever, is characterized by a complex interplay of metabolic disturbances, stress, and electrolyte imbalances. It is most commonly observed in animals subjected to long durations of transport, leading to significant welfare concerns and economic losses in the livestock industry.

Causes and Pathophysiology

Transport tetany arises from a combination of factors that include prolonged fasting, dehydration, exhaustion, and exposure to extreme temperatures. These stressors lead to an imbalance in electrolytes, particularly a decrease in blood magnesium levels, which is crucial for muscle function. The condition is exacerbated by the release of stress hormones, such as cortisol, which further affect the metabolism of different electrolytes and contribute to the development of tetany.

Stress plays a pivotal role in the onset of transport tetany, as it triggers a series of physiological responses that compromise the animal's ability to maintain homeostasis. The cramped conditions during transport can also lead to physical trauma and exacerbate the stress experienced by the animals.

Symptoms

The clinical signs of transport tetany can vary but typically include:

• Muscle tremors and spasms
• Incoordination and difficulty walking
• Increased heart rate
• Elevated body temperature
• Recumbency, with the inability to rise

In severe cases, transport tetany can lead to death if not promptly addressed.

Prevention and Management

Preventative measures are key to mitigating the risk of transport tetany. These include:

• Ensuring animals are well-hydrated and have access to electrolyte supplements before and during transport
• Minimizing the duration of transport
• Avoiding transport during extreme weather conditions
• Providing rest periods for food and water intake during long journeys

Management of affected animals involves prompt veterinary intervention, with treatments focusing on correcting electrolyte imbalances and providing supportive care to alleviate stress and dehydration.

Economic and Welfare Implications

Transport tetany not only poses significant welfare issues but also leads to economic losses due to decreased productivity, increased veterinary costs, and, in some cases, the death of valuable livestock. The condition underscores the importance of adopting humane transport practices that prioritize the health and welfare of animals.

See Also

• Animal welfare
• Livestock transportation
• Stress in animals
• Magnesium in biology

References

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