Cardinal ligament

Cardinal ligament (also known as Mackenrodt's ligament, transverse cervical ligament, or lateral cervical ligament) is a major ligament in the female reproductive system. It is a broad, fibrous band of connective tissue that extends from the side of the cervix to the lateral pelvic wall. The cardinal ligament plays a crucial role in supporting the uterus and maintaining its position in the pelvis.

Etymology

The term "cardinal" in cardinal ligament is derived from the Latin word cardo, which means "hinge". This is reflective of the ligament's function as a primary support for the uterus, similar to how a hinge supports a door. The ligament is also named after Albert von Mackenrodt, a German gynecologist who first described it in detail.

Anatomy

The cardinal ligament is part of the parametrium, which is the fibrous and fatty connective tissue surrounding the uterus. It extends from the side of the cervix and the lateral part of the vagina to the lateral pelvic wall. The ligament contains smooth muscle fibers, connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerves.

Function

The primary function of the cardinal ligament is to provide support to the uterus and help maintain its normal position in the pelvis. It also serves as a conduit for the uterine artery and vein, which supply blood to the uterus.

Clinical significance

Damage to the cardinal ligament can occur during childbirth or pelvic surgery, which can lead to uterine prolapse. This is a condition where the uterus descends into or protrudes out of the vagina. The ligament is also a common site for the spread of cervical cancer.

Related terms

• Parametrium
• Uterine prolapse
• Cervical cancer

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