Trema orientale

Trema orientale, commonly known as the charcoal tree, is a species of flowering plant in the family Cannabaceae. It is native to tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, and Australia. This plant is known for its rapid growth and ability to colonize disturbed areas, making it an important species in ecological succession.

Description

Trema orientale is a small to medium-sized tree, typically reaching heights of 10 to 20 meters. The bark is smooth and grayish, while the leaves are simple, alternate, and ovate with serrated margins. The leaves are typically 5 to 15 cm long and 2 to 6 cm wide, with a prominent midrib and lateral veins.

The flowers of Trema orientale are small, greenish, and inconspicuous, arranged in axillary clusters. The plant is monoecious, meaning it has both male and female flowers on the same individual. The fruit is a small drupe, about 3 to 5 mm in diameter, which turns black when ripe.

Distribution and Habitat

Trema orientale is widely distributed across tropical and subtropical regions. It is commonly found in secondary forests, along roadsides, and in disturbed areas. The species is highly adaptable to a range of soil types and environmental conditions, which contributes to its widespread distribution.

Ecological Importance

Trema orientale plays a significant role in ecological succession, particularly in disturbed habitats. Its rapid growth and ability to thrive in poor soils make it an important pioneer species. The tree provides habitat and food for various wildlife, including birds and insects. The leaves and fruits are consumed by several species, contributing to the local food web.

Uses

The wood of Trema orientale is lightweight and is often used for making charcoal, hence the common name "charcoal tree." The bark and leaves have been used in traditional medicine for their purported anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Additionally, the tree is sometimes planted for erosion control and as a shade tree in agroforestry systems.

Conservation Status

Trema orientale is not currently listed as threatened or endangered. Its ability to colonize disturbed areas and its wide distribution contribute to its stable population status.

Also see

• Cannabaceae
• Ecological succession
• Pioneer species
• Agroforestry