Tricep

Triceps Brachii

The Triceps Brachii, commonly known as the triceps, is a major muscle of the human arm. It is responsible for extension of the elbow joint, playing a crucial role in the movement of the upper limb. The triceps brachii is located at the back of the humerus and is the only muscle in the back of the upper arm. It is composed of three heads: the long head, the lateral head, and the medial head, which give the muscle its name.

Anatomy

The triceps brachii originates from two main points: the long head originates from the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, while the lateral and medial heads originate from the humerus itself. All three heads converge into a single tendon that inserts into the olecranon process of the ulna.

Long Head

The long head of the triceps runs along the bottom side of the humerus and is unique among the heads, as it crosses both the shoulder and elbow joints. Due to this, it assists in shoulder adduction and extension, in addition to its primary role in elbow extension.

Lateral Head

The lateral head is located on the outer side of the humerus and is primarily involved in elbow extension, especially when the arm is in a position of power, such as during a push-up.

Medial Head

The medial head is found on the medial (inner) side of the humerus and is the smallest and deepest of the three heads. It provides additional force in elbow extension, particularly when the arm is extended and in finer, more precise movements.

Function

The primary function of the triceps brachii is to extend the forearm at the elbow joint. It is an antagonist muscle to the biceps brachii, which flexes the elbow. The long head of the triceps also assists with the extension and adduction of the arm at the shoulder joint.

Clinical Significance

Injuries to the triceps brachii, such as tears or tendonitis, can significantly impair arm movement and strength. Rehabilitation exercises often focus on gradually increasing the load and range of motion to restore function.

Exercise and Training

The triceps can be targeted and strengthened through various exercises, including triceps dips, push-downs, and overhead triceps extensions. Proper form and technique are crucial to maximize the benefits of these exercises and prevent injury.