Trillium grandiflorum

Trillium grandiflorum

Trillium grandiflorum in Backus Woods

Trillium grandiflorum, commonly known as the white trillium, large-flowered trillium, or great white trillium, is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. It is native to eastern North America, ranging from the northern parts of the United States to southern Canada.

Description

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Close-up of Trillium grandiflorum leaves

Trillium grandiflorum is a perennial herbaceous plant that grows from a rhizome. It typically reaches a height of 15 to 30 cm. The plant is characterized by its three large, ovate leaves that are arranged in a whorl at the top of the stem. The leaves are dark green and can be up to 20 cm long.

The flower of Trillium grandiflorum is its most distinctive feature. It consists of three white petals, each up to 5 cm long, which are arranged in a symmetrical pattern. The petals are supported by three green sepals. As the flower ages, the petals often turn pink.

Habitat and Distribution

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Clonal colony of Trillium grandiflorum

Trillium grandiflorum is found in rich, deciduous forests and woodlands. It prefers well-drained, moist soils and is often found in areas with dappled sunlight. The species is distributed across eastern North America, from Minnesota to Quebec and south to Georgia and Arkansas.

Reproduction

Trillium grandiflorum reproduces both sexually, through seed production, and asexually, through rhizome division. The plant is pollinated by insects, primarily bees. The seeds are dispersed by ants, a process known as myrmecochory.

Cultural Significance

The white trillium is a symbol of Ontario

The white trillium is the official floral emblem of the province of Ontario, Canada. It is a symbol of purity and beauty and is often associated with the arrival of spring.

Varieties

Double-flowered variety of Trillium grandiflorum

There are several varieties of Trillium grandiflorum, including a double-flowered form that is highly prized by gardeners. The double-flowered variety has multiple layers of petals, giving it a fuller appearance.

Conservation

Trillium grandiflorum is considered a species of least concern, but it is protected in some areas due to its popularity and the threat of habitat destruction. In some regions, it is illegal to pick or dig up the plants from the wild.

Related Pages

• Trillium
• Melanthiaceae
• Flora of North America