Tropaeolum majus

Tropaeolum majus, commonly known as garden nasturtium, Indian cress or monks cress, is a flowering plant in the family Tropaeolaceae, originating from the Andes region of South America. It is a herbaceous annual plant with trailing stems growing to 1 meter long or more. The leaves are large, nearly circular, 3 to 15 centimeters diameter, green with distinct veins, and with a characteristic shield-like shape. The flowers are 2.5 to 6 centimeters diameter, with five petals, eight stamens, and a 2.5 to 3 centimeters long nectar spur at the rear; they vary from yellow to orange to red, fringed with a characteristic small claw-like spur at the base.

Cultivation and uses

Tropaeolum majus is widely cultivated for its flowers. It is a popular ornamental plant in gardens and on balconies. In addition to its aesthetic appeal, it is also grown for its edible flowers and leaves, which have a peppery taste similar to watercress. The unripe seed pods can be harvested and pickled with hot vinegar to produce a condiment and garnish, sometimes used as a substitute for capers.

Medicinal uses

The plant has been used in traditional medicine for its antiseptic and expectorant qualities. It is used in the treatment of respiratory and urinary tract infections. The plant is also known to have high levels of vitamin C.

Cultivars

There are several cultivars of Tropaeolum majus, with variations in flower color and plant habit. Some of the popular ones include 'Jewel Mix', 'Alaska Mix', and 'Whirlybird Mix'.

See also

• Tropaeolum minus
• Tropaeolum peregrinum
• List of beneficial weeds