True-believer syndrome

True-believer syndrome is a term used in psychology to describe the phenomenon where an individual maintains a belief or set of beliefs despite new evidence or facts that directly contradict the belief(s). This syndrome is often observed in the context of conspiracy theories, cults, or other situations where strong beliefs are held with conviction, even in the face of overwhelming evidence to the contrary. The term is not officially recognized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or by the World Health Organization (WHO), but it is widely used in discussions about belief perseverance and cognitive dissonance.

Causes

The causes of true-believer syndrome are multifaceted and can include a combination of psychological, social, and neurological factors. Key elements often involve:

• Cognitive Dissonance: The discomfort experienced when holding two or more conflicting cognitions (beliefs, ideas, values). Individuals may cling to original beliefs to avoid the discomfort of acknowledging contradictory evidence.
• Confirmation Bias: The tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses, while giving disproportionately less consideration to alternative possibilities.
• Social Identity Theory: The part of an individual's self-concept derived from perceived membership in a relevant social group. In some cases, beliefs are strongly tied to group identity, making it challenging to change beliefs without feeling isolated from the group.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

True-believer syndrome is not recognized as a diagnosable condition; therefore, there are no official criteria for its symptoms and diagnosis. However, individuals exhibiting this syndrome may show an unwavering faith in a belief or set of beliefs despite new evidence or proof that contradicts their stance. This can manifest in various ways, including refusal to engage with contradictory evidence, rationalizing inconsistencies in a way that supports the original belief, or isolating oneself from sources of dissenting opinions.

Treatment

Given that true-believer syndrome is not classified as a mental health disorder, there are no specific treatments. However, strategies that are generally used to address similar cognitive and psychological patterns may be beneficial. These can include:

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): A form of therapy that aims to change patterns of thinking or behavior that are behind people's difficulties, and so change the way they feel.
• Exposure to Diverse Perspectives: Encouraging engagement with a variety of viewpoints to broaden understanding and reduce the impact of confirmation bias.
• Education on Critical Thinking and Media Literacy: Teaching individuals how to critically evaluate sources of information, understand logical fallacies, and develop a more nuanced view of evidence.

Societal Impact

The societal impact of true-believer syndrome can be significant, influencing politics, public health, and social cohesion. It can lead to the spread of misinformation, increased polarization, and in extreme cases, violence. Understanding and addressing the underlying causes of this syndrome is crucial for promoting a more informed and less divided society.

See Also

• Cognitive Dissonance
• Confirmation Bias
• Social Identity Theory
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy