Trypanotolerance

Trypanotolerance is the natural ability of certain breeds of livestock to resist infections caused by trypanosomes, a group of parasitic protozoa. This trait is particularly important in regions of Africa where Trypanosomiasis, a disease caused by these parasites, is prevalent.

Overview

Trypanotolerance is a complex trait that is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. It is not a complete resistance to infection, but rather a capacity to control the parasitic load and limit the pathological effects of the disease. Trypanotolerant breeds can carry the parasites without showing signs of the disease, allowing them to survive and reproduce in areas where non-tolerant breeds would succumb to the infection.

Genetics of Trypanotolerance

The genetic basis of trypanotolerance is not fully understood, but it is known to be a polygenic trait, meaning it is controlled by multiple genes. Several genes and genetic markers have been identified that are associated with trypanotolerance, but the exact mechanisms by which they confer resistance are still under investigation.

Breeds with Trypanotolerance

Several breeds of livestock are known to exhibit trypanotolerance, including the N'Dama cattle breed from West Africa and the Boran and Sheko breeds from East Africa. These breeds have been used in breeding programs to improve the trypanotolerance of other breeds.

Implications for Livestock Production

Trypanotolerance has significant implications for livestock production in regions affected by trypanosomiasis. By using trypanotolerant breeds, farmers can reduce their reliance on pesticides and other control measures, which can be costly and have negative environmental impacts. Furthermore, trypanotolerant breeds can help to increase livestock productivity and improve food security in these regions.

See Also

• Trypanosomiasis
• N'Dama
• Boran cattle
• Sheko cattle