Tuber aestivum

Tuber aestivum Valnerina 018

Tuber aestivum, commonly known as the summer truffle or burgundy truffle, is a species of truffle belonging to the Tuberaceae family. It is found across Europe and is one of the most commercially valuable truffles, harvested from late spring to late summer, hence its name. Tuber aestivum is prized for its culinary uses, owing to its distinctive aroma and flavor, which are milder than those of its more famous relative, the black truffle.

Description

Tuber aestivum has a round, irregular shape, typically ranging from the size of a walnut to that of an apple. The outer skin, or peridium, is black and rugged, with pyramidal warts. The gleba, or flesh, is pale cream to brown, marbled with white veins that do not change color when exposed to air. The aroma of Tuber aestivum is delicate and nutty, with hints of forest floor and dried fruits, distinguishing it from the more intense and earthy aroma of the black truffle.

Habitat and Distribution

Tuber aestivum thrives in calcareous soils within broadleaf woodlands, particularly under oak, hazel, and beech trees. It forms mycorrhizal associations with the roots of these trees, a symbiotic relationship crucial for nutrient exchange. This truffle species is widely distributed across Europe, from Spain and Italy in the south to the United Kingdom and Scandinavia in the north, and eastwards to Russia.

Culinary Uses

The summer truffle's subtle flavor makes it versatile in the kitchen. It is used fresh, thinly sliced over dishes, or incorporated into sauces, pastas, risottos, and omelets. Unlike the more potent black truffle, Tuber aestivum's flavor does not overpower dishes, making it suitable for a wide range of culinary applications. It is also more affordable than other truffle species, which contributes to its popularity in gastronomy.

Harvesting

The harvesting of Tuber aestivum typically involves trained dogs, which are preferred over pigs due to their ease of handling and lesser tendency to eat the truffles. The truffle hunters, or trufficulteurs, follow the dogs as they sniff out the truffles buried underground. Once located, the truffles are carefully excavated to avoid damage.

Conservation and Cultivation

While Tuber aestivum is not currently listed as an endangered species, its habitat is threatened by deforestation, urbanization, and climate change. Efforts are being made to cultivate Tuber aestivum to reduce pressure on wild populations. Truffle cultivation involves inoculating the roots of host tree seedlings with truffle spores and planting these in suitable soils. However, truffle farming is a long-term endeavor, requiring patience and the right environmental conditions for success.

Economic Importance

Tuber aestivum holds significant economic value in the truffle market due to its wide distribution and longer harvesting season. It is less expensive than the black or white truffles, making it accessible to a broader market. The truffle is not only important for local economies, particularly in rural areas of Europe, but also contributes to the culinary and cultural heritage of the regions where it is found.