Tuft cell

File:3D-image of mouse jejunum tuft cells.webm Tuft cell

Tuft cells, also known as brush cells, are a type of chemosensory cell found in the epithelial tissue of various organs, including the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and thymus. These cells are characterized by their distinctive tuft of long, blunt microvilli on their apical surface, which gives them their name.

Structure

Tuft cells are distinguished by their unique morphology. They possess a tuft of long microvilli that extend from their apical surface into the lumen of the organ in which they reside. These microvilli are involved in sensory functions, allowing tuft cells to detect chemical changes in their environment. The cells also contain a large number of mitochondria and a well-developed endoplasmic reticulum, indicating their high metabolic activity.

Function

Tuft cells play a crucial role in the body's chemosensory system. They are involved in detecting chemical stimuli and initiating appropriate physiological responses. In the gastrointestinal tract, tuft cells are known to secrete cytokines and other signaling molecules that influence immune responses and inflammation. In the respiratory tract, they are thought to be involved in detecting irritants and pathogens, contributing to the body's defense mechanisms.

Location

Tuft cells are found in various locations within the body:

• In the respiratory tract, they are located in the trachea and bronchi.
• In the gastrointestinal tract, they are present in the small intestine and colon.
• In the thymus, they are found within the thymic epithelium.

Clinical Significance

Tuft cells have been implicated in various diseases and conditions. Their role in the immune response suggests that they may be involved in inflammatory bowel disease and other inflammatory conditions. Additionally, changes in tuft cell numbers and function have been observed in certain types of cancer, indicating a potential role in tumorigenesis.

Research

Ongoing research is focused on understanding the precise mechanisms by which tuft cells detect chemical stimuli and how they influence immune responses. Studies are also exploring the potential therapeutic implications of targeting tuft cells in various diseases.

See also

• Chemosensory cell
• Epithelial tissue
• Immune response
• Inflammation
• Respiratory tract
• Gastrointestinal tract
• Thymus