Turbinate

Turbinate

The turbinate or nasal concha is a long, narrow and curled bone shelf that protrudes into the breathing passage of the nose. It extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and consists of three parts: the superior turbinate, the middle turbinate, and the inferior turbinate.

Function[edit | edit source]

The primary function of the turbinates is to direct and warm the inhaled air to the nasopharynx. The turbinates also increase the surface area of the nose, allowing for greater humidification of air entering the nose. The superior and middle turbinates are part of the ethmoid bone, while the inferior turbinate is an independent bone of the facial skeleton.

Clinical significance[edit | edit source]

Enlargement of the turbinates is a common cause of nasal obstruction. This can be due to allergic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, or rhinitis medicamentosa. Treatment options include corticosteroid nasal sprays, antihistamines, decongestants, and surgical reduction.

Turbinate hypertrophy is a condition that occurs when the turbinates become swollen from allergies or irritation. If the turbinates become too large, they can cause difficulty breathing. Treatment for turbinate hypertrophy includes medication, radiofrequency reduction, and surgical removal.