Turkmens

Ethnic group native to Central Asia

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Turkmen people celebrating Independence Day

The Turkmens are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia, primarily inhabiting Turkmenistan, where they form the majority of the population. They also have significant populations in Iran, Afghanistan, and other countries. The Turkmens are known for their rich cultural heritage, including traditional crafts, music, and dance.

History

The history of the Turkmens is deeply intertwined with the broader history of the Turkic peoples. They are believed to have originated from the Oghuz tribes, who migrated from the Altai Mountains and Central Asia to the west. The Turkmens played a significant role in the history of the region, particularly during the Seljuk Empire, which was founded by the Oghuz Turks.

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Turban helmet, a type of armor used by Turkmen warriors

During the medieval period, the Turkmens were known for their skills in warfare and their role as mercenaries. They were instrumental in the establishment of several dynasties and empires across the Middle East and Central Asia.

Culture

Turkmen culture is characterized by its rich traditions in music, dance, and crafts. The Turkmens are renowned for their carpet weaving, which is considered one of the finest in the world. Each tribe has its own distinct patterns and designs, which are passed down through generations.

Traditional Turkmen woman's hat and jewelry

Music and Dance

Music and dance are integral parts of Turkmen culture. Traditional Turkmen music is often performed using instruments such as the dutar, a two-stringed lute, and the ghijak, a type of fiddle. Dance is an important aspect of celebrations and festivals, with each region having its own unique styles.

Clothing

Traditional Turkmen clothing is vibrant and colorful, often adorned with intricate embroidery. Women typically wear long dresses with elaborate patterns, while men wear robes and hats. Jewelry is an important part of the attire, with silver being the most common material used.

Traditional Turkmen attire

Society

Turkmen society is traditionally organized into tribes, each with its own distinct identity and customs. The major tribes include the Teke, Yomut, and Ersari, among others. Tribal affiliation plays a significant role in social and political life.

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A Teke family in traditional attire

Economy

The economy of the Turkmens has historically been based on agriculture and animal husbandry. The harsh desert environment of Turkmenistan has shaped the lifestyle and economic activities of the Turkmen people. In modern times, the discovery of natural gas and oil reserves has significantly impacted the economy.

Art and Craft

Turkmen art is renowned for its intricate designs and craftsmanship. The most famous of Turkmen crafts is carpet weaving, with each tribe producing distinct styles and patterns. These carpets are highly valued for their quality and beauty.

Tolkuchka Bazaar, a major market for Turkmen crafts

Language

The Turkmen language is a member of the Turkic language family and is closely related to Turkish and Azerbaijani. It is the official language of Turkmenistan and is written in a modified Latin script.

Religion

The majority of Turkmens are Sunni Muslims, and Islam plays a significant role in their cultural and social life. Religious practices and beliefs are deeply integrated into daily life and customs.

Related pages

• Turkmenistan
• Oghuz Turks
• Seljuk Empire
• Turkic peoples

Child's tunic from the Yomud Turkmen people