Ty21a

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Ty21a is a live attenuated bacterial vaccine used to prevent typhoid fever. It was developed by Swiss Serum and Vaccine Institute and is marketed under the brand name Vivotif.

History[edit | edit source]

Ty21a was first licensed in Europe in 1983 and in the United States in 1989. It was developed as a response to the high incidence of typhoid fever in developing countries and the increasing resistance of the Salmonella Typhi bacteria to antibiotics.

Mechanism of action[edit | edit source]

Ty21a works by stimulating the immune system to produce an immune response against the Salmonella Typhi bacteria. The vaccine contains a weakened strain of the bacteria that does not cause disease but is able to provoke an immune response.

Administration[edit | edit source]

Ty21a is administered orally, usually in the form of a capsule. The recommended dosage is one capsule taken every other day for a total of four doses. The vaccine should be taken with a cold or lukewarm drink approximately one hour before a meal.

Efficacy and side effects[edit | edit source]

Studies have shown that Ty21a is between 50% and 80% effective at preventing typhoid fever. The most common side effects are stomach pain, nausea, and fever. Serious side effects are rare.

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

Resources[edit source]

Latest articles - Ty21a

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