Typewriter

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Typewriter

A typewriter is a mechanical or electromechanical machine for writing characters similar to those produced by a printer's movable type. Typically, a typewriter has an array of keys, and pressing one causes a different single character to be produced on the paper, by causing a ribbon with dried ink to be struck against the paper by a type element similar to the sorts used in movable type letterpress printing. On some models, the type element is a cylinder or ball, while others use a wheel. This design allows the typist to remain visible to the paper at all times.

History

The invention of the typewriter is frequently attributed to Christopher Latham Sholes, who patented his model in 1868. However, the concept of a machine to aid in writing can be traced back to the early 18th century. Sholes's model, developed with the assistance of Samuel Soule and Carlos Glidden, underwent several modifications before becoming commercially successful as the Sholes and Glidden typewriter, which was marketed by E. Remington and Sons in 1873. This machine, also known as the Remington No. 1, was the first to feature the QWERTY keyboard layout, which remains the standard keyboard layout to this day.

Design and Function

The primary components of a typewriter include the keyboard, carriage, ribbon, and typebars or a type element. The carriage holds the paper and moves horizontally as the keys are pressed, while the ribbon transfers ink to the paper. Early typewriters used typebars, which are metal arms with the character at the end that strike the ribbon to print the character on the paper. Later models introduced type elements that reduced the machine's size and increased typing speed by eliminating the jamming problem associated with traditional typebars.

Impact

The typewriter revolutionized business communications and was instrumental in the development of the modern office. It increased the speed and efficiency of document production and contributed to the rise of women in the workforce, as typing became a predominantly female profession by the early 20th century. The typewriter also had a significant impact on literature, with many famous authors adopting the machine for its speed and convenience.

Decline

The advent of the personal computer in the late 20th century led to the decline of the typewriter. Word processors and printers offered more functionality, such as spell check and the ability to edit documents without retyping them. By the end of the 20th century, typewriters had been largely replaced in the workplace and home by computers.

Legacy

Despite their decline in use, typewriters have experienced a resurgence in popularity among collectors, writers, and those who appreciate the tactile feedback and nostalgic appeal of the machines. They are also used in situations where electronic devices are prohibited or impractical.

See Also

• QWERTY
• Christopher Latham Sholes
• E. Remington and Sons
• Word processor
• Personal computer