Umbrellabird

Umbrellabird refers to any of the species belonging to the genus Cephalopterus, within the bird family Cotingidae. These birds are known for their distinctive umbrella-like crest on the top of their heads, from which they derive their name. They are found primarily in the rainforests of Central and South America, extending from Honduras through Panama and into Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Umbrellabirds are notable for their unique appearance, including their large size, prominent crest, and the inflatable wattle found in males, which is used during courtship displays.

Description

Umbrellabirds are among the largest of the Passerine birds in their range, with some species reaching up to 50 cm in length. They are predominantly black and have a robust body, a large head with a crest that resembles an umbrella (hence their name), and a long, broad tail. The males are larger than the females and possess a large, inflatable throat sac, which is used to amplify their deep, booming calls during the breeding season.

Species

The genus Cephalopterus comprises three species:

• Long-wattled umbrellabird (Cephalopterus penduliger)
• Amazonian umbrellabird (Cephalopterus ornatus)
• Bare-necked umbrellabird (Cephalopterus glabricollis)

Each species has its own distinct range and habitat preferences, though all share the commonality of residing in dense, tropical forests.

Behavior

Umbrellabirds are primarily frugivorous, feeding on a variety of fruits found in their rainforest habitats. They also consume insects and small vertebrates occasionally. Their foraging behavior typically involves solitary or small group movements through the forest canopy.

During the breeding season, males become highly territorial and perform elaborate display rituals to attract females. These displays include the inflation of the throat sac, spreading of their crest, and emitting low-pitched, resonant calls that can be heard over long distances.

Conservation

Umbrellabirds face threats from habitat destruction and fragmentation due to deforestation for agriculture, logging, and human settlement expansion. Some species are considered to be near threatened or vulnerable due to these pressures. Conservation efforts are focused on habitat protection and restoration to ensure the survival of these unique birds.

See Also

• Cotingidae
• Passerine
• Frugivore
• Conservation status