Underground storage tank

Underground.Storage.Tank.with.Anodes

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Underground Storage Tank (UST) refers to a tank and any underground piping connected to the tank that has at least 10 percent of its combined volume underground. USTs are predominantly used for the storage of petroleum and hazardous substances. The design and construction of USTs are critical for preventing ground and water pollution, and for ensuring safe storage of contents.

Overview

Underground storage tanks are essential components in fuel distribution networks, particularly for gasoline stations. They are also used for storing chemicals in manufacturing, waste management, and other industrial applications. The environmental concerns associated with USTs stem from potential leaks that can contaminate soil and groundwater, posing significant risks to public health and ecosystems.

Regulation

In many countries, the installation, maintenance, and removal of USTs are regulated by environmental protection agencies. In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets and enforces standards under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) to prevent, detect, and respond to UST leaks. These regulations include requirements for tank design, construction, installation, operation, maintenance, and closure.

Types of USTs

USTs can be made from various materials, including steel, fiberglass, or a combination of both. They can be categorized into single-walled and double-walled tanks. Double-walled tanks offer an additional layer of protection against leaks, often incorporating leak detection systems between the inner and outer walls.

Leak Detection and Prevention

Leak detection systems are crucial for early identification of leaks to minimize environmental damage. Common methods include automatic tank gauging, vapor monitoring, groundwater monitoring, and interstitial monitoring in double-walled tanks. Preventative measures also include using corrosion protection systems for metal components of the UST and conducting regular inspections and maintenance.

Cleanup and Remediation

In the event of a leak, immediate action is required to mitigate environmental impact. Cleanup efforts may involve removing contaminated soil, treating contaminated groundwater, and repairing or replacing the faulty UST system. The responsible parties are usually required to report the incident to regulatory authorities and may face significant cleanup costs and penalties.

Conclusion

Underground storage tanks play a vital role in the storage and distribution of fuels and chemicals. However, their potential to cause environmental damage makes it imperative that they are properly designed, maintained, and monitored. Regulatory frameworks and technological advancements in leak detection and prevention are critical in mitigating the risks associated with USTs.