Unexplained infertility

Infertility with no identifiable cause

Unexplained infertility is a diagnosis given to couples who are unable to conceive despite having no identifiable medical cause for their infertility. This condition is characterized by normal results in standard fertility tests, yet the couple still experiences difficulty in achieving pregnancy.

Overview

Unexplained infertility is a frustrating diagnosis for many couples, as it provides no clear path for treatment. It is estimated that approximately 10-20% of infertile couples are diagnosed with unexplained infertility. This diagnosis is typically made after a thorough evaluation of both partners, including semen analysis, assessment of ovulation, and evaluation of the fallopian tubes and uterus.

Causes

While the exact causes of unexplained infertility remain unknown, several potential factors may contribute to this condition:

• Subtle abnormalities: There may be subtle abnormalities in sperm or egg quality that are not detected by standard tests.
• Immunological factors: Some couples may have immunological issues that affect fertilization or implantation.
• Genetic factors: Undetected genetic abnormalities could play a role in unexplained infertility.
• Lifestyle factors: Factors such as stress, diet, and exercise may influence fertility in ways that are not fully understood.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of unexplained infertility is typically made after a comprehensive evaluation of both partners. This includes:

• Semen analysis: To assess sperm count, motility, and morphology.
• Ovulation assessment: To confirm regular ovulation through methods such as basal body temperature charting or ovulation predictor kits.
• Tubal patency tests: Such as hysterosalpingography or laparoscopy to ensure the fallopian tubes are open.
• Uterine evaluation: To check for abnormalities in the uterus that could affect implantation.

Treatment

Treatment options for unexplained infertility vary and may include:

• Lifestyle modifications: Improving diet, reducing stress, and maintaining a healthy weight.
• Medications: Such as clomiphene citrate or letrozole to stimulate ovulation.
• Intrauterine insemination (IUI): A procedure that places sperm directly into the uterus.
• In vitro fertilization (IVF): A more advanced technique that involves fertilizing an egg outside the body and then implanting it into the uterus.

Prognosis

The prognosis for couples with unexplained infertility varies. Some couples may conceive naturally over time, while others may require assisted reproductive technologies. The success rates of treatments such as IUI and IVF can be influenced by factors such as the age of the female partner and the duration of infertility.

Related pages

• Infertility
• Assisted reproductive technology
• In vitro fertilization
• Semen analysis

Gallery

Causes of infertility