United States Environmental Protection Agency

Flag of the United States Environmental Protection Agency

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William Ruckelshaus Swearing In as EPA Administrator

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EPA HQ - WJ Clinton Building - Main entrance - 2018a

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EPA Breidenbach Laboratory 2019a

Agency of the U.S. Federal Government

United States Environmental Protection Agency

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Formed	December 2, 1970
Dissolved
Type
Jurisdiction	Federal government of the United States
Status
Headquarters	1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C., U.S.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is an independent executive agency of the Federal government of the United States tasked with environmental protection matters. President Richard Nixon proposed the establishment of the EPA on July 9, 1970; it began operation on December 2, 1970, after Nixon signed an executive order. The order establishing the EPA was ratified by committee hearings in the House and Senate. The agency is led by its Administrator, who is appointed by the President and approved by the Senate. The current Administrator is Michael S. Regan.

Mission and Functions

The EPA's mission is to protect human health and the environment. It accomplishes this by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress. The agency conducts environmental assessment, research, and education. It has the responsibility of maintaining and enforcing national standards under a variety of environmental laws, in consultation with state, tribal, and local governments. The EPA can issue sanctions and take other measures to ensure compliance.

History

The EPA was created in response to growing public concern about environmental pollution. The 1960s saw a rise in environmental awareness, leading to the first Earth Day in 1970 and the subsequent establishment of the EPA. The agency consolidated various federal research, monitoring, standard-setting, and enforcement activities into one agency.

Organizational Structure

The EPA is organized into several offices and regions. The main offices include:

• Office of Air and Radiation
• Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention
• Office of Land and Emergency Management
• Office of Water
• Office of Research and Development
• Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance

The EPA also has ten regional offices that implement programs at the state and local levels.

Major Programs and Initiatives

The EPA oversees numerous programs aimed at reducing pollution and protecting the environment. Some of the key programs include:

• Clean Air Act
• Clean Water Act
• Safe Drinking Water Act
• Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
• Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (Superfund)
• Toxic Substances Control Act

Controversies and Criticisms

The EPA has faced various controversies and criticisms over the years, including debates over the extent of its regulatory powers, its handling of certain environmental disasters, and its relationship with industry stakeholders.

See Also

• Environmental policy of the United States
• National Environmental Policy Act
• Environmental impact of the energy industry
• List of environmental agencies in the United States