Urea breath test

Urea Breath Test

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Introduction

The Urea Breath Test is a rapid, non-invasive diagnostic procedure used to detect infections by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium associated with various gastrointestinal conditions, including gastritis, gastric ulcers, and peptic ulcer disease.

Background

H. pylori is a spiral bacterium known to inhabit the stomach lining. Its presence is a common cause of chronic gastritis and can lead to the development of gastric and peptic ulcers. The urea breath test is based on the bacterium's unique ability to convert urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide.

Mechanism of the Test

The test involves the oral administration of a urea solution labeled with a carbon isotope (either carbon-13 or carbon-14). If H. pylori is present, it breaks down the urea, releasing the labeled carbon in the form of carbon dioxide, which is then exhaled and can be measured.

Procedure

The patient ingests the urea solution, and after a short period, their breath is analyzed. The presence of the labeled carbon dioxide in the breath indicates an active H. pylori infection.

Advantages and Uses

The urea breath test is favored for its speed, reliability, and non-invasive nature. It is commonly used to diagnose H. pylori infection, to confirm eradication after treatment, and in the management of peptic ulcer disease.

Guidelines and Recommendations

Leading medical societies recommend the urea breath test as the preferred method for detecting H. pylori infection due to its high sensitivity and specificity. It is recommended both before and after treatment to confirm eradication of the bacterium.

See Also

• Helicobacter Pylori
• Gastritis
• Peptic Ulcer Disease

References

1. [Link to a clinical guideline on the urea breath test] 2. [Link to a study on the effectiveness of the urea breath test in detecting H. pylori]

External Links

• CDC - Helicobacter pylori and Peptic Ulcer Disease
• WHO - Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)

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