VLA-4
VLA-4 (Very Late Antigen-4) is an integrin found on the surface of leukocytes. It is a receptor for fibronectin and VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1), and plays a crucial role in the adhesion and migration of leukocytes.
Etymology[edit | edit source]
The term "VLA-4" stands for "Very Late Antigen-4". The name is derived from the fact that this antigen is expressed at a very late stage of T cell activation.
Structure[edit | edit source]
VLA-4 is a heterodimeric protein composed of two subunits: α4 (CD49d) and β1 (CD29). The α4 subunit is unique to VLA-4, while the β1 subunit is shared with other integrins.
Function[edit | edit source]
VLA-4 mediates the adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells, which is a critical step in the migration of leukocytes to sites of inflammation. It does this by binding to its ligands, fibronectin and VCAM-1, which are expressed on the surface of endothelial cells.
In addition to its role in leukocyte migration, VLA-4 is also involved in other immune processes. For example, it plays a role in the formation of immune synapses, which are specialized contact areas between T cells and antigen-presenting cells.
Clinical significance[edit | edit source]
Given its crucial role in leukocyte migration, VLA-4 is a potential target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In fact, several drugs that inhibit VLA-4 have been developed and are currently in clinical use or under investigation. These include natalizumab, a monoclonal antibody that blocks VLA-4 and is used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis and Crohn's disease.
See also[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD