Vaginal agenesis

Vaginal agenesis is a medical condition in which the vagina is underdeveloped or absent. It is a type of Müllerian agenesis, which refers to the failure of the Müllerian ducts to develop properly during fetal development. This condition is also known as Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome when it occurs in combination with other abnormalities of the reproductive system.

Causes

Vaginal agenesis is a congenital condition, meaning it is present from birth. It is caused by the failure of the Müllerian ducts to develop properly during the early stages of fetal development. The exact cause of this failure is not known, but it is thought to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of vaginal agenesis is the absence of menstruation (amenorrhea) despite normal development of secondary sexual characteristics such as breast development and pubic hair growth. Other symptoms may include recurrent urinary tract infections, pelvic pain, and difficulty with sexual intercourse.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of vaginal agenesis is usually made during adolescence when menstruation fails to occur. A physical examination may reveal a shortened or absent vagina. Imaging tests such as ultrasound, MRI, or CT scan may be used to confirm the diagnosis and to check for other abnormalities of the reproductive system.

Treatment

Treatment for vaginal agenesis is aimed at creating a functional vagina for sexual intercourse and for psychological well-being. This may involve surgical procedures to create a neovagina, or non-surgical methods such as vaginal dilators. Psychological counseling may also be beneficial.

See also

• Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome
• Müllerian duct
• Amenorrhea