Vaginal cyst

Vaginal cysts are closed pockets of air, fluid, or pus located on or under the vaginal lining. They vary in size and can occur for various reasons. Most vaginal cysts are benign and often asymptomatic, but they can cause discomfort or pain depending on their size and location.

Types

There are several types of vaginal cysts, each with distinct characteristics:

• Bartholin's gland cysts: These cysts form when the Bartholin's glands, which are located on either side of the vaginal opening and produce lubricating fluid, become blocked.
• Gartner's duct cysts: These cysts develop from the remnants of the Gartner's duct, which typically disappears after birth but may persist in some women, leading to cyst formation.
• Inclusion cysts: Often resulting from surgical procedures or childbirth, these cysts occur when skin cells are trapped under the vaginal lining.
• Müllerian cysts: Originating from remnants of the Müllerian duct, these cysts are less common and can form anywhere along the vaginal canal.

Symptoms

While many vaginal cysts remain small and symptomless, larger cysts can cause:

• A lump or bump in the vaginal area
• Discomfort or pain during sex or while walking
• Infection, leading to pain, redness, and pus discharge

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves a pelvic examination. A doctor may also use imaging tests such as ultrasound or MRI to assess the cyst's size and location. In some cases, a biopsy may be performed to rule out malignancy.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the size, type, and symptoms of the cyst:

• Small, asymptomatic cysts may not require treatment and can be monitored for changes.
• Infected cysts may be treated with antibiotics.
• Large or symptomatic cysts might need to be drained or surgically removed.

Prevention

There is no guaranteed way to prevent vaginal cysts, but maintaining good hygiene and having regular pelvic exams can help identify and manage cysts early.

See also

• Vaginal health
• Cyst
• Gynecology