Vaginal cysts

A type of cyst occurring in the vaginal area

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Operative gynecology

Vaginal cysts are closed sacs located on or under the vaginal lining that contain fluid, pus, or other material. They are generally benign and can vary in size.

Types

Vaginal cysts can be classified into several types based on their origin:

• Inclusion cysts: These are the most common type of vaginal cysts and often occur as a result of trauma or surgery to the vaginal area.
• Gartner's duct cysts: These develop from remnants of the Gartner's duct, which is a structure present during fetal development.
• Bartholin's cysts: These occur when the Bartholin's glands, located near the vaginal opening, become blocked.
• Mullerian cysts: These arise from remnants of the Mullerian duct, another embryonic structure.

Symptoms

Many vaginal cysts are asymptomatic and are discovered during routine pelvic examinations. However, larger cysts may cause symptoms such as:

• A noticeable lump or swelling in the vaginal area
• Discomfort or pain during intercourse
• Pain during physical activities
• Difficulty inserting tampons

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of vaginal cysts typically involves a pelvic examination. In some cases, imaging tests such as ultrasound or MRI may be used to determine the size and exact location of the cyst. A biopsy may be performed if there is any concern about the nature of the cyst.

Treatment

Treatment for vaginal cysts depends on the type and severity of the cyst. Options include:

• Observation: Small, asymptomatic cysts may not require treatment and can be monitored over time.
• Surgical removal: Larger or symptomatic cysts may be surgically removed, especially if they cause discomfort or interfere with daily activities.
• Marsupialization: This procedure involves creating a small incision in the cyst and stitching the edges to form a permanent open pouch, allowing continuous drainage.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with vaginal cysts is generally excellent, especially when the cysts are benign and properly managed. Recurrence is possible, particularly with Bartholin's cysts, but can often be managed with appropriate treatment.

Prevention

There are no specific measures to prevent vaginal cysts, but maintaining good genital hygiene and seeking prompt medical attention for any unusual symptoms can help in early detection and management.

Related pages

• Bartholin's cyst
• Gartner's duct
• Mullerian duct

References

• "Vaginal Cysts." Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2023.
• "Vaginal Cysts." Cleveland Clinic, 2023.