Variola vaccine

Variola Vaccine

The Variola Vaccine is a medical intervention used to prevent Variola, more commonly known as Smallpox. The vaccine has played a crucial role in the global eradication of smallpox, a feat achieved by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1980.

History

The Variola Vaccine has a rich history dating back to the 18th century. The concept of vaccination was pioneered by Edward Jenner in 1796, who discovered that milkmaids who had contracted Cowpox did not get smallpox. This led to the development of the first Variola Vaccine, which used live Vaccinia virus, a 'cousin' of the Variola virus.

Production

The production of the Variola Vaccine involves the inoculation of Vaccinia virus into the skin of calves or sheep. The virus multiplies in the skin cells, and the resultant vaccine material is harvested, purified, and processed into a stable, injectable form.

Administration

The Variola Vaccine is administered via a bifurcated needle that delivers the vaccine into the superficial layers of the skin, a method known as percutaneous inoculation. This method has been found to be more effective than intramuscular injection.

Efficacy and Side Effects

The Variola Vaccine is highly effective, providing immunity to smallpox for about 5 to 10 years. Side effects are generally mild, but can include fever, headache, and fatigue. In rare cases, serious complications such as encephalitis can occur.

Current Status

With the eradication of smallpox, routine vaccination has been discontinued worldwide. However, the Variola Vaccine is still used for certain populations at high risk of exposure, such as laboratory workers handling the virus.

See Also

• Edward Jenner
• Smallpox
• World Health Organization
• Vaccination

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