Vascular access

Vascular access refers to the method by which healthcare professionals gain access to the bloodstream of a patient. This is typically achieved through the insertion of a catheter into a vein or artery. Vascular access is a critical component of many medical procedures, including dialysis, chemotherapy, and intravenous therapy.

Types of Vascular Access

There are three main types of vascular access: peripheral, central, and arterial.

Peripheral Access

Peripheral access involves the insertion of a catheter into a small, peripheral vein, typically in the arm or hand. This is the most common type of vascular access and is often used for short-term treatments such as intravenous therapy.

Central Access

Central access involves the insertion of a catheter into a large, central vein, typically in the chest or neck. This type of access is used for long-term treatments such as chemotherapy or dialysis. There are several types of central access, including central venous catheters (CVCs), peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs), and implanted ports.

Arterial Access

Arterial access involves the insertion of a catheter into an artery, typically in the arm or leg. This type of access is used for procedures that require real-time blood pressure monitoring or blood sampling.

Complications

While vascular access is a routine part of many medical procedures, it is not without risk. Complications can include infection, thrombosis, and bleeding. The risk of complications can be reduced through proper catheter care and infection control practices.

See Also

• Intravenous therapy
• Dialysis
• Chemotherapy
• Catheter