Venus Callipyge

Venere Callipige Napoli

Venus Callipyge, also known as the Aphrodite Kallipygos or the Callipygian Venus, is an ancient Roman sculpture that depicts a partially draped woman, looking back as she lifts her drapery to reveal her buttocks. This sculpture is a notable example of Hellenistic art's influence on Roman culture, particularly in its celebration of the human form and beauty. The term "callipyge" comes from the Greek kalli meaning "beautiful" and pyge meaning "buttocks", hence the name translates to "Venus of the beautiful buttocks".

History and Discovery

The Venus Callipyge is believed to have originated in the late Hellenistic period, around the 2nd century BC, but the most famous Roman copy was made between the 1st century BC and the 2nd century AD. The original Greek statue is thought to have been bronze, but the surviving Roman copies are all in marble. The most renowned version was discovered in Rome in the late 16th century, near the site of the ancient Baths of Constantine. It quickly became a celebrated piece, admired for its beauty and sensuality, and was later added to the collection of the Farnese family, where it gained further fame.

Description

The Venus Callipyge stands out for its unique pose and the realism with which the human body is depicted. The figure is shown standing, turning her head to look back over her shoulder, an action that accentuates the curves of her body. Her right hand lifts the drapery covering her lower body, revealing her buttocks, while her left hand rests on her left hip. This pose not only highlights the beauty of the human form but also conveys a sense of modesty and sensuality.

Symbolism and Interpretation

The Venus Callipyge has been subject to various interpretations over the centuries. Some see it as a celebration of physical beauty and femininity, while others view it as an embodiment of vanity. The sculpture also reflects the Roman appreciation for Greek art and culture, as it adopts a theme and style characteristic of the Hellenistic period. Furthermore, the focus on the buttocks was unusual for classical sculpture, making the Venus Callipyge a subject of fascination and debate among art historians.

Cultural Impact

Throughout history, the Venus Callipyge has influenced artists, writers, and scholars. It has been referenced in literature and art as a symbol of beauty and eroticism. The sculpture's fame in the Renaissance period contributed to the revival of classical ideals in art and culture. Today, it remains an important work in the study of ancient sculpture, offering insights into Roman artistic practices and societal values.

See Also

• Aphrodite
• Hellenistic art
• Roman sculpture
• Farnese Collection