Cervical vertebrae

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Computed tomographs of normal cervical vertebrae (thumbnail)

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Cervical vertebrae are the vertebrae of the cervical spine, located in the neck. These vertebrae are designated as C1 through C7, starting from the top. The cervical vertebrae support the head, protect the spinal cord, and enable a wide range of head and neck movements.

Anatomy

The cervical spine is made up of seven vertebrae that are smaller in size compared to other spinal vertebrae. The first two vertebrae, C1 (also known as the Atlas) and C2 (also known as the Axis), are highly specialized to allow for the rotation of the head. The Atlas supports the skull and pivots around the Axis, which allows for side-to-side motion.

Unique Features

• C1 (Atlas): Lacks a body and a spinous process, has large lateral masses, and articulates with the occipital condyles of the skull, enabling the nodding motion of the head.
• C2 (Axis): Distinguished by the odontoid process (or dens) that projects upward, fitting into the ring of the Atlas and allowing for the rotation of the head.
• C3-C6: These vertebrae are more typical in structure but are distinguished by their small size, bifid (split) spinous processes, and transverse foramina in their transverse processes, which allow for the passage of the vertebral arteries supplying blood to the brain.
• C7 (Vertebra Prominens): Notable for its long and prominent spinous process, which is palpable at the base of the neck.

Function

The cervical vertebrae play a crucial role in supporting the head's weight, facilitating blood flow to the brain via the vertebral arteries, and protecting the spinal cord and nerve roots. They also allow for a high degree of flexibility and movement in the neck, including flexion, extension, rotation, and lateral flexion.

Clinical Significance

Injuries or conditions affecting the cervical vertebrae can have serious implications due to the proximity to the spinal cord and brain. Common conditions include cervical spondylosis, cervical disc herniation, and fractures, which can lead to pain, stiffness, and in severe cases, paralysis.

See Also

• Spinal cord
• Vertebra
• Spinal column
• Neck
• Cervical spondylosis
• Cervical disc herniation