Vespula

European wasp white bg

Wasp morphology

Vespula is a genus of social wasps belonging to the family Vespidae. The genus includes species commonly known as yellowjackets in North America, which are known for their distinctive black and yellow markings. Vespula species are found throughout the world, with a significant number of species present in the Northern Hemisphere. These wasps play a dual role in the ecosystem, acting as both pests and beneficial insects by controlling pest insect populations.

Description

Vespula wasps are medium-sized, ranging from 10 to 20 mm in length. They are characterized by their black and yellow or black and white markings, which serve as a warning to predators. The genus can be distinguished from other wasps by their rounded heads and the pattern of their abdominal markings. Worker wasps, males, and queens can be identified by their size and specific roles within the colony.

Behavior

Vespula species are eusocial, living in colonies that include a single reproducing queen, sterile female workers, and males. The colonies are annual, with only the mated queens overwintering to start new colonies in the spring. These wasps are known for their aggressive behavior when their nests are threatened. They are omnivorous, feeding on insects, nectar, and human food waste, which often brings them into conflict with humans.

Nesting

The nests of Vespula wasps are made from chewed wood pulp and saliva, giving them a paper-like appearance. Nests are typically located underground, in cavities, or in sheltered areas such as eaves and attics. The size and structure of the nest vary among species, with some capable of housing thousands of individuals.

Ecological Role

Vespula wasps are important predators of pest insects, contributing to the natural control of insect populations. However, their attraction to human foods and aggressive defense of their nests can make them a nuisance. In some cases, they can pose a health risk to individuals allergic to their stings.

Species

Some well-known species within the genus Vespula include:

• Vespula vulgaris (Common Wasp)
• Vespula germanica (German Wasp)
• Vespula pensylvanica (Western Yellowjacket)

Conservation

While Vespula species are not generally considered endangered, their presence in human-dominated landscapes can lead to conflicts. Management strategies typically focus on the removal of nests in high-traffic areas to reduce the risk of stings.

See Also

• Wasp
• Vespidae
• Pollination
• Insect sociality