Vichy France

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Vichy France refers to the regime that governed the unoccupied part of France and its colonial empire during World War II, from July 1940 to August 1944. Officially known as the French State (État Français), it was established after the fall of France to Nazi Germany and was led by Marshal Philippe Pétain.

Establishment

Following the Battle of France and the subsequent Armistice of 22 June 1940, France was divided into two zones: the occupied zone in the north and west, controlled by Germany, and the unoccupied zone in the south, governed by the Vichy regime. The government was based in the town of Vichy, hence the name.

Government and Politics

The Vichy regime was authoritarian and collaborated with Nazi Germany. It abolished the Third Republic and replaced it with a regime that emphasized traditional values, such as family and work. Philippe Pétain held extensive powers, including the ability to appoint ministers and dissolve the National Assembly.

Collaboration and Resistance

Vichy France is often remembered for its collaboration with Nazi Germany, including the deportation of Jews to concentration camps. The regime's policies were met with resistance from various groups, leading to the formation of the French Resistance. The Free French Forces, led by Charles de Gaulle, opposed the Vichy government and sought to liberate France.

Fall of Vichy France

The regime effectively ended in August 1944, following the Allied invasion of Normandy and the subsequent liberation of France. The Provisional Government of the French Republic was established, and Pétain was later tried and convicted for treason.

Legacy

The legacy of Vichy France remains controversial in French history. It is a period marked by collaboration, resistance, and the complex moral choices faced by individuals and the nation.

Related Pages

• World War II
• Nazi Germany
• Philippe Pétain
• French Resistance
• Free French Forces
• Battle of France
• Armistice of 22 June 1940
• Allied invasion of Normandy
• Provisional Government of the French Republic