Violet gland

Violet gland or supracaudal gland is a specialized sebaceous gland found in certain mammalian species, notably in domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and cats (Felis catus). This gland is located at the upper surface of the tail, near its base, and plays a significant role in the social and territorial behaviors of these animals through the secretion of pheromones and other chemical compounds.

Function

The primary function of the violet gland is to produce and secrete substances that are crucial for social communication among individuals of the same species. These secretions can convey information about an animal's reproductive status, territorial boundaries, and individual identity. In dogs, the gland's activity may increase during periods of excitement or stress, contributing to the animal's scent marking behavior. Cats use the secretions from this gland, along with other scent glands located on their body, to mark their territory and communicate with other cats.

Anatomy

The violet gland is composed of sebaceous glands that are larger and more complex than those found in other parts of the animal's body. It is situated at the dorsal base of the tail, where it can easily come into contact with objects or individuals that an animal wishes to mark. The gland's secretions are oily and can vary in color and consistency.

Clinical Significance

While the violet gland plays an important role in animal behavior, it can also be the site of various dermatological conditions. Inflammation of the gland, known as supracaudal gland hyperplasia or stud tail, is particularly common in intact male cats. This condition can lead to hair loss, skin thickening, and the accumulation of a waxy substance around the gland. Treatment typically involves improved hygiene, neutering (in cases related to hormones), and, in severe cases, surgical removal of the gland.

Research and Evolution

Research into the violet gland and its secretions has provided insights into the complex social behaviors of domestic animals and their wild ancestors. The gland's presence in both dogs and cats, as well as other species, suggests an evolutionary advantage in communication through scent marking. Understanding the chemical composition of the gland's secretions and their effect on animal behavior continues to be a subject of scientific interest.

See Also

• Pheromone
• Sebaceous gland
• Animal communication
• Territorial marking