Viscotoxin

Viscotoxin is a group of chemically related proteins that are found in the European mistletoe (Viscum album), from which they derive their name. These proteins are thionins, a class of toxic plant proteins, and are known for their ability to form pores in cell membranes, leading to cell death.

Structure

Viscotoxins are small proteins, typically consisting of 45 amino acid residues. They have a compact, stable structure that is rich in disulfide bonds, which contribute to their stability and resistance to proteolysis. The structure of viscotoxins is similar to that of other thionins, with a core of alpha helixes surrounded by beta sheets.

Function

The primary function of viscotoxins is to protect the mistletoe plant from herbivores and pathogens. They achieve this by disrupting the integrity of cell membranes, leading to cell death. This is achieved through the formation of pores in the membrane, which allows ions and other small molecules to leak out of the cell.

Medical use

Viscotoxins have been investigated for their potential use in cancer therapy. They have been shown to have cytotoxic effects on cancer cells, and some studies have suggested that they may also stimulate the immune system to attack cancer cells. However, their use in medicine is currently limited due to their high toxicity and lack of specificity for cancer cells.

See also

• Thionin
• Viscum album
• Pore-forming toxin

Viscotoxin Resources
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