Essential fatty acid

From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia

(Redirected from Vitamin F)

Essential fatty acids (EFAs) are fatty acids that humans and other animals must ingest because the body requires them for good health but cannot synthesize them. The term "essential fatty acid" refers to fatty acids required for biological processes but does not include the fats that only serve as fuel.

Types of Essential Fatty Acids[edit | edit source]

There are two families of EFAs: omega-3 and omega-6. These are termed 'essential' because they cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained from the diet. The primary omega-3 fatty acid is alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which can be converted in limited amounts to other omega-3 fats like eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The primary omega-6 fatty acid is linoleic acid (LA), which can be converted to gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and further to arachidonic acid (AA).

Functions[edit | edit source]

EFAs play a crucial role in various bodily functions. They are integral to cell membrane structure and function, serving as building blocks for cell membranes and contributing to the fluidity and flexibility of these membranes. EFAs are also involved in the production of eicosanoids, which are signaling molecules that play a role in inflammation and immunity.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids[edit | edit source]

Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA and DHA, are known for their anti-inflammatory effects and are linked to a lower risk of heart disease. They are also crucial for brain health, contributing to the maintenance of normal brain function and development.

Omega-6 Fatty Acids[edit | edit source]

While omega-6 fatty acids are also essential, a balance between omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids is crucial. Excessive intake of omega-6 fatty acids, leading to a high omega-6/omega-3 ratio, has been associated with an increased risk of inflammatory diseases.

Dietary Sources[edit | edit source]

Fish oil is a well-known source of omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA and DHA. Flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts are rich in ALA, a form of omega-3. For omega-6 fatty acids, common sources include vegetable oils, such as sunflower, safflower, and corn oil.

Deficiency[edit | edit source]

Deficiency in essential fatty acids can lead to symptoms such as dry skin, brittle nails, and hair loss. In severe cases, it can cause growth retardation in children and increased susceptibility to infection.

Recommendations[edit | edit source]

Health organizations recommend eating at least two servings of fatty fish per week to obtain sufficient omega-3 fatty acids. For individuals who do not consume fish, supplementation with fish oil or algae-based omega-3 supplements may be considered.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Essential fatty acids are vital for maintaining health. A balanced intake of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids through a varied diet is crucial for preventing deficiency and reducing the risk of chronic diseases.


WikiMD
Navigation: Wellness - Encyclopedia - Health topics - Disease Index‏‎ - Drugs - World Directory - Gray's Anatomy - Keto diet - Recipes

Search WikiMD

Ad.Tired of being Overweight? Try W8MD's physician weight loss program.
Semaglutide (Ozempic / Wegovy and Tirzepatide (Mounjaro / Zepbound) available.
Advertise on WikiMD

WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia

Let Food Be Thy Medicine
Medicine Thy Food - Hippocrates

Medical Disclaimer: WikiMD is not a substitute for professional medical advice. The information on WikiMD is provided as an information resource only, may be incorrect, outdated or misleading, and is not to be used or relied on for any diagnostic or treatment purposes. Please consult your health care provider before making any healthcare decisions or for guidance about a specific medical condition. WikiMD expressly disclaims responsibility, and shall have no liability, for any damages, loss, injury, or liability whatsoever suffered as a result of your reliance on the information contained in this site. By visiting this site you agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, which may from time to time be changed or supplemented by WikiMD. If you do not agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, you should not enter or use this site. See full disclaimer.
Credits:Most images are courtesy of Wikimedia commons, and templates Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY SA or similar.

Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD