Walter E. Fernald Developmental Center

Walter E. Fernald Developmental Center, originally known as the Massachusetts School for the Feeble-Minded, is a historic facility in the United States. It is notable for its significant role in the development of policies and practices concerning the care and treatment of people with developmental disabilities. The center, located in Waltham, Massachusetts, has a complex history that reflects broader societal attitudes towards intellectual disability over the years.

History

The Walter E. Fernald Developmental Center was established in 1848, making it one of the oldest state-run facilities for people with developmental disabilities in the United States. It was initially founded with the intention of providing education and training to children with intellectual disabilities, a progressive concept at the time. The institution was named after Walter E. Fernald, who was an advocate for the humane treatment of the intellectually disabled and served as the facility's superintendent for many years.

Throughout its history, the Fernald Center has been at the forefront of various movements in the field of developmental disability. In the early 20th century, it was influenced by the eugenics movement, which advocated for the segregation of individuals with disabilities from the rest of society. During this period, the facility expanded significantly, and its mission shifted towards custodial care rather than education and rehabilitation.

In the latter half of the 20th century, the Fernald Center became the subject of controversy and criticism, particularly regarding its living conditions and treatment of residents. Reports of abuse and neglect led to lawsuits and calls for reform. These events were part of a larger national movement towards deinstitutionalization, which sought to integrate individuals with disabilities into community settings.

Recent Developments

In recent years, the Walter E. Fernald Developmental Center has undergone significant changes. The number of residents has dramatically decreased, and the facility has shifted its focus towards providing specialized services and support for those with the most severe disabilities. Despite these changes, the future of the Fernald Center remains uncertain, with ongoing debates about its closure and the best ways to serve the needs of individuals with developmental disabilities.

Facilities and Programs

The Fernald Center's campus encompasses a wide range of facilities, including residential buildings, educational and vocational training centers, and recreational areas. The center has historically offered a variety of programs aimed at improving the quality of life for its residents, including occupational therapy, physical therapy, and social activities.

Controversies

The Fernald Center has been involved in several controversies, most notably its participation in radiation experiments during the Cold War. Unbeknownst to them or their families, some residents were subjected to experiments involving radioactive materials. These experiments were part of a larger series of human radiation experiments conducted by the United States government. The revelation of these experiments in the 1990s led to public outrage and legal action.

Legacy

The legacy of the Walter E. Fernald Developmental Center is complex. On one hand, it represents an early effort to provide care and education for individuals with developmental disabilities. On the other hand, its history is marred by periods of neglect, abuse, and unethical experimentation. Today, the Fernald Center serves as a reminder of the evolving understanding and treatment of developmental disabilities, as well as the ongoing struggle to ensure the rights and dignity of all individuals.