War of the Bavarian Succession

Desmarees workshop Maximilian III of Bavaria

War of the Bavarian Succession (1778–1779), also known as the Potato War, was a conflict fought largely between the Kingdom of Prussia and the Habsburg Monarchy over the succession to the Bavarian throne, following the death of the Elector Maximilian III Joseph of Bavaria in 1777 without a direct heir. The war is often noted for its minimal combat and the fact that the armies primarily focused on foraging, leading to its nickname.

Background

The War of the Bavarian Succession erupted due to the extinction of the Bavarian branch of the House of Wittelsbach. The Elector of Bavaria, Maximilian III Joseph, died without an heir, prompting a succession crisis. The Habsburg Monarchy, led by Joseph II, claimed the succession rights over Bavaria based on prior agreements and familial ties. On the other hand, Frederick the Great of Prussia supported Charles Theodore, Elector of the Palatinate and Bavaria, in exchange for territorial concessions.

Course of the War

The conflict was characterized by diplomatic maneuvers and minor skirmishing rather than large-scale battles. Prussian and Austrian troops maneuvered in Bavaria and Bohemia, but engagements were limited, with soldiers more engaged in foraging for food—hence the moniker "Potato War." The harsh winter and lack of supplies further hampered military operations.

Diplomatic Resolution

The war concluded with the Treaty of Teschen in 1779, mediated by France and Russia. The treaty awarded the Innviertel region to Austria, while Charles Theodore retained most of Bavaria. The agreement prevented the disintegration of Bavaria and maintained the balance of power in Central Europe, albeit temporarily.

Aftermath

The War of the Bavarian Succession had lasting implications for European diplomacy and the balance of power. It highlighted the growing importance of diplomacy over military might and set the stage for future conflicts, including the French Revolutionary Wars. The war also demonstrated the limitations of small-scale warfare in resolving major territorial disputes.

Legacy

The War of the Bavarian Succession is often overlooked in the broader context of European history, overshadowed by the more significant conflicts that followed. However, it remains a fascinating example of 18th-century warfare and diplomacy, where the outcome was largely determined by negotiation rather than combat.