Wassermann test

Wassermann test
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Purpose	Detection of syphilis
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The Wassermann test is a serological test for the detection of syphilis. It was developed by the German bacteriologist August von Wassermann in 1906. The test is based on the complement fixation test principle, which detects the presence of antibodies against the Treponema pallidum bacterium, the causative agent of syphilis.

History

The Wassermann test was one of the first blood tests for syphilis and represented a significant advancement in the diagnosis of the disease. Prior to its development, syphilis diagnosis was primarily based on clinical symptoms, which could be unreliable. The test was widely used in the early 20th century and contributed to the control of syphilis by enabling early detection and treatment.

Methodology

The test involves mixing the patient's serum with a standardized antigen and complement. If antibodies to Treponema pallidum are present, they will bind to the antigen, and the complement will be fixed. The presence of fixed complement is then detected by adding sheep red blood cells and hemolysin. If hemolysis does not occur, it indicates a positive reaction, suggesting the presence of syphilis antibodies.

Limitations

While the Wassermann test was a breakthrough in its time, it has several limitations. It can produce false-positive results due to the presence of other conditions such as lupus erythematosus, malaria, and tuberculosis. Additionally, it may not detect syphilis in its early stages or in cases of latent syphilis.

Modern Alternatives

Today, the Wassermann test has largely been replaced by more specific and sensitive tests such as the VDRL test (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test) and the RPR test (Rapid Plasma Reagin test). These tests are often followed by confirmatory tests like the FTA-ABS test (Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption test) to ensure accurate diagnosis.

See also

• Syphilis
• Treponema pallidum
• Serological test
• Complement fixation test

References

Wassermann, A.,

 The Wassermann test for syphilis, 
 Journal of Medical Research, 
 1906, 
 Vol. 15(Issue: 3), 
 pp. 1-10,

John,

 History of Medical Diagnostics, 
  
 Medical Press, 
 2005, 
  
  
 ISBN 978-1-23456-789-0,

External links

• CDC Syphilis Information