Waterproofing

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Applying waterproofing material to the outside of a tunnel

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Liquid Rubber Europe coatings

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Super-hydrophobic Coating

Waterproofing is the process of making an object or structure waterproof or water-resistant so that it remains relatively unaffected by water or resisting the ingress of water under specified conditions. Such items may be used in wet environments or under water to specified depths. Waterproofing is used in reference to building structures (such as basements, decks, and wet areas), watercraft, canvas, clothing, and paper (including maps and plans).

Types of Waterproofing

Waterproofing in construction is a critical factor for buildings to prevent water penetration. The major types include:

• Cementitious Waterproofing: Commonly used in wet areas such as toilets and bathrooms. It is a rigid or semi-flexible type of waterproofing, but since it is not exposed to sunlight, it does not go through a contraction and expansion process.

• Liquid Waterproofing Membrane: Consists of a primer coat and two topcoats applied by spray, roller, or trowel. It offers more flexibility than the cementitious types of waterproofing. The liquid cures into a rubbery coating on the wall.

• Bituminous Coating Waterproofing: Also known as asphalt coating, it is a flexible waterproof membrane. It is excellent for concrete foundations but not exposed to sunlight; it becomes very brittle and fragile when exposed to sunlight unless it is modified with a more flexible material such as polyurethane or acrylic-based polymers.

• Bituminous Membrane Waterproofing: Used mostly on flat roofs due to their proven performance. It is a self-adhesive membrane made of asphalt, polymers, and filler; additionally, it is reinforced with fibers and fabrics.

• Polyurethane Liquid Membrane: Used for the flat roof area and exposed to weathering. This waterproofing method is expensive but offers high flexibility. Polyurethane is sensitive to moisture content present, therefore, before application, one has to be very careful evaluating the moisture content of the concrete slab.

Waterproofing in Construction

In construction, waterproofing is an essential aspect of creating a building envelope, which is a controlled environment. The roof covering materials, siding, foundations, and all of the various penetrations through these surfaces need to be water-resistant and sometimes waterproof. The basement waterproofing involves the application of sealant materials, the installation of drains and sumps, and more to prevent water from entering the basement or to divert it away if it does.

Methods

• Exterior Waterproofing: Involves excavating all around the house to the full depth of the foundation walls, then installing a waterproof coating or membrane topped by drainage panels. The panels provide an easy path for water to flow down to an exterior French drain at the bottom of your foundation. From there, water flows by gravity — or with the aid of a sump pump — away from your foundation to another part of your property, or into a storm drain.

• Interior Waterproofing: Methods include the application of sealants, the installation of interior drains, and the use of dehumidifiers. It may also involve the installation of a sump pump.

Challenges and Solutions

Waterproofing presents challenges that are not found in typical residential construction. Water can have devastating effects on the structural integrity of a building. Effective waterproofing is more than just applying a waterproof membrane; it involves careful planning and consideration of water drainage paths, as well as the integration of waterproofing into the building design from the beginning.

Conclusion

Waterproofing is a critical step in the construction and maintenance of buildings and structures to prevent water damage and maintain integrity. The choice of waterproofing method depends on the specific requirements of the project, including the type of construction, the local environment, and the budget. Proper application and maintenance of waterproofing systems are essential to ensure their effectiveness and longevity.