Wireless network

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Wifi

Wireless network

LAN

frequency reuse

Wifi hidden station problem

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Exposed terminal problem

Wireless network refers to a type of computer network that uses wireless data connections between network nodes. Wireless networking is a method by which homes, telecommunications networks, and business installations avoid the costly process of introducing cables into a building, or as a connection between various equipment locations. Wireless telecommunications networks are generally implemented and administered using radio communication. This implementation takes place at the physical level (layer) of the network structure model.

Overview

Wireless networks operate using radio frequency (RF) technology, a frequency within the electromagnetic spectrum associated with radio wave propagation. When an RF current is supplied to an antenna, an electromagnetic field is created that then is able to propagate through space. The cornerstone of any wireless network is an access point (AP). The primary job of an access point is to broadcast a wireless signal that computers can detect and "tune" into.

Types of Wireless Networks

Wireless networking technologies include:

• Wi-Fi: The most popular means of communicating data wirelessly, within a fixed location, is via Wi-Fi. It operates in the 2.4 and 5 GHz bands and allows for wireless communication between devices like smartphones, tablets, laptops, and desktops.
• Cellular networks: These networks are created by dividing the land into areas called cells, where each cell includes a fixed location transceiver known as a cell site or base station. Cellular phones communicate with these base stations, enabling mobile voice and data transmission.
• Satellite communication: This involves the use of communication satellites in orbit around the earth. These are used for mobile phone signals, weather forecasting, and broadcasting television programs.
• Bluetooth: A short-range technology aimed at simplifying communications among internet devices and between devices and the internet. It also simplifies data synchronization with other devices.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages

• Mobility: Wireless networks allow users to access network resources from nearly any convenient location within their primary networking environment.
• Ease of Installation: Installing a wireless network can be fast and easy and can eliminate the need to pull cable through walls and ceilings.
• Scalability: Wireless networks can serve a suddenly increased number of clients with the existing equipment. In a wired network, this would require additional cabling.

Disadvantages

• Security: Wireless networks may be more susceptible to unauthorized access because it is difficult to physically secure all access points.
• Interference: Wireless networks can be subject to interference from other devices, which can reduce the speed of transmission of data.
• Range: The range of a wireless network is limited and is subject to the capabilities of the radio transceiver.

Security Considerations

Wireless network security is a concern that must be addressed to prevent unauthorized access and protect sensitive information. Security measures include WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2), firewalls, and encryption methods. Users are also encouraged to employ strong passwords and change them regularly.

Future of Wireless Networks

The future of wireless networks looks promising with the development of 5G technology, which promises faster speeds, lower latency, and the ability to connect more devices at once. Additionally, the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) devices into wireless networks is expanding, creating a more connected and automated world.