Xiamen

Aerial photography Xiamen Island

Thomas Kitchin. Composite Europe. 1787. (E)

Amoy & Kolang-soo

Amoy town and harbour seen from Kalangsu Wellcome L0034288

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Island of Koolansoo and Amoy by Lai Afong, c1870

Hulishan cannon

Xiamen is a sub-provincial city in southeastern China, located on the southeastern coast of the country, across from Taiwan. It is part of Fujian Province and is known for its attractive seascape, as well as its rich cultural heritage and history. Xiamen and the surrounding countryside are famous for being a sanctuary for birds, making it a popular destination for bird-watchers. The city's economy is primarily based on manufacturing, particularly in industries such as electronics, shipbuilding, and chemicals. Additionally, Xiamen has a robust tourism industry, thanks to its scenic landscapes, historical sites, and pleasant climate.

History

Xiamen's history dates back to the ancient times when it was known as part of the larger region of Fujian, thriving on maritime trade. During the Ming Dynasty, it became an important port for defending the coast against pirates. In the 19th century, Xiamen was one of the ports opened to foreign trade following the Treaty of Nanking in 1842, marking the beginning of its modern development.

Geography

Xiamen is situated on the southern coast of Fujian province, facing the Taiwan Strait. It includes both mainland and island parts, with the majority of its urban area located on Xiamen Island. The city's geography is characterized by its rugged coastline, beautiful beaches, and the presence of several small islands, the most famous of which is Gulangyu Island, a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its colonial architecture and car-free environment.

Economy

The economy of Xiamen is diverse, with a strong focus on manufacturing, particularly in the fields of electronics, shipbuilding, and chemical industries. The city is also a major port and a commercial hub, with a thriving logistics industry. In recent years, Xiamen has been working to develop its information technology, biotechnology, and financial services sectors. The Xiamen Special Economic Zone, established in the 1980s, has been instrumental in attracting foreign investment and promoting economic growth.

Culture

Xiamen is rich in cultural heritage, with a variety of historic sites, temples, and traditional Chinese gardens. The city is known for its unique Min Nan culture, which is reflected in its local dialect, cuisine, and traditions. The Mid-Autumn Festival is particularly celebrated in Xiamen, where residents and visitors enjoy mooncakes and participate in lantern festivals. Gulangyu Island is a testament to the city's cultural diversity, featuring a mix of Chinese and European architectural styles.

Education

Xiamen is home to several prestigious institutions of higher education, including Xiamen University, which is renowned for its beautiful campus and contributions to academic research in China. The city's educational system is well-developed, offering a range of programs in science, engineering, humanities, and the arts.

Transportation

Xiamen boasts an efficient transportation network, including the Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport, which connects the city with domestic and international destinations. The city also has a well-developed public transportation system, featuring buses, ferries, and a rapidly expanding metro system. The Xiamen Bridge and the Xiamen-Shenzhen Railway are key infrastructural elements that facilitate regional connectivity.

Tourism

Tourism is a vital part of Xiamen's economy, with the city offering a variety of attractions for visitors. Gulangyu Island, with its historic buildings and pedestrian-only streets, is a major draw. Other notable attractions include South Putuo Temple, a famous Buddhist temple, and the scenic Wanshi Botanical Garden. Xiamen's coastline and islands offer opportunities for water sports and beach activities, making it a popular destination for both domestic and international tourists.