Xinomavro

Xinomavro (Greek: Ξινόμαυρο, pronounced [ksinoˈmavro], meaning "acid-black") is a dark-skinned grape variety widely planted in northern Greece. It is considered one of the most important red grape varieties in the Greek wine industry, known for its strong aging potential and its complex aromatic profile. Xinomavro grapes are primarily cultivated in the Macedonian regions, with a significant presence in the Naoussa, Amyntaio, Goumenissa, and Rapsani appellations. The variety contributes to a range of wine styles, from robust reds and rosés to sparkling and dessert wines, showcasing its versatility.

Characteristics

Xinomavro is renowned for its high acidity and tannin levels, which contribute to the wine's aging capability. The grape's skin contains a high amount of phenolic compounds, leading to wines with deep red color and complex flavors. Aromatically, Xinomavro wines can exhibit a wide array of scents, including red fruits, olives, spices, and dried tomatoes, often developing earthy and savory tones as they age. The variety's sensitivity to its growing environment results in significant terroir expression, making each Xinomavro wine unique to its vineyard of origin.

Viticulture

Xinomavro is a challenging variety to cultivate, requiring specific climatic conditions and careful vineyard management to achieve optimal ripeness. It buds early in the spring, making it susceptible to frost, and ripens late in the season. The grape thrives in well-drained, sandy soils and benefits from climates with warm days and cool nights, which help maintain its characteristic acidity. Pruning and yield control are crucial in managing the grape's vigor and ensuring the concentration of flavors in the berries.

Wine Regions

The most notable region for Xinomavro cultivation is Naoussa, located in the hills of western Macedonia. Here, the grape is used to produce full-bodied, tannic red wines with significant aging potential. Amyntaio, another key area, produces lighter, more aromatic versions of Xinomavro, including sparkling and rosé wines. Goumenissa and Rapsani are also important appellations, where Xinomavro is often blended with other local varieties to create wines with unique character and complexity.

Wine Styles

Xinomavro wines vary significantly in style, from robust, age-worthy reds to delicate rosés and sparkling wines. The red wines are known for their firm structure, high acidity, and complex bouquet, often compared to the Nebbiolo-based wines of Piedmont, Italy, in terms of their aging potential and flavor profile. Rosé and sparkling Xinomavro wines are celebrated for their freshness, aromatic intensity, and versatility in food pairing.

Food Pairing

Due to its high acidity and tannin content, Xinomavro pairs well with a wide range of foods. Its red wines are an excellent match for rich, fatty meats, game, and aged cheeses, while the lighter rosé and sparkling styles complement Mediterranean dishes, seafood, and poultry.

Conservation and Research

Efforts are underway to preserve the genetic diversity of Xinomavro and to study its viticultural characteristics more closely. Research focuses on clonal selection, adaptation to climate change, and sustainable viticulture practices to ensure the future of this unique grape variety in the face of global challenges.