Xylotheque

Xylotheque is a specialized collection or library of wood samples, often organized for the purpose of study, education, and conservation. A xylotheque typically contains samples of wood from various tree species, each accompanied by information about its botanical classification, geographical origin, physical properties, and uses. These collections can serve as valuable resources for researchers, students, and professionals in fields such as botany, forestry, wood science, and conservation.

Overview

The term xylotheque is derived from the Greek words xylon, meaning wood, and theke, meaning repository or collection. Xylotheques have been used historically to catalog and preserve the diversity of wood types and to provide educational materials for the study of trees and wood properties. Each sample in a xylotheque is typically a cross-section of a tree trunk, branch, or twig, which can reveal a lot about the tree's growth patterns, age, and health. Additional samples may include leaves, seeds, or bark, providing a more comprehensive understanding of each species.

History

The concept of a xylotheque dates back to the 18th century when naturalists began to systematically collect and categorize natural specimens. The oldest known xylotheque was created by Karel Andrej Eiselt in the early 19th century. These collections were particularly valuable at a time when long-distance travel was difficult and expensive, allowing scientists and students to study tree species from around the world without leaving their home country.

Importance

Xylotheques play a crucial role in the conservation of biodiversity, offering a physical record of tree species, some of which may become rare or extinct. They are also important educational tools, providing tangible examples for the study of dendrology (the science of trees), wood anatomy, and forestry practices. Furthermore, xylotheques can assist in the identification of wood, which is valuable for forensic science, archaeology, and the art conservation field.

Components

A typical xylotheque sample includes:

• A cross-section of wood, showing the annual growth rings
• Samples of the tree's bark, leaves, and possibly flowers or seeds
• Information on the tree's botanical name, common names, and geographical distribution
• Details on the wood's physical properties and uses

Preservation

Preserving the samples in a xylotheque involves protecting them from physical damage, pests, and environmental factors that could lead to deterioration. This often requires controlled temperature and humidity, as well as measures to prevent insect infestations, which can be particularly damaging to wood samples.

Notable Xylotheques

Some of the most renowned xylotheques are housed in institutions and universities around the world, serving as valuable resources for research and education. Notable examples include the xylotheque at the Tervuren Royal Museum for Central Africa in Belgium and the xylotheque at the Thünen Institute of Wood Research in Germany.

Conclusion

Xylotheques are unique collections that bridge the gap between art, science, and education, providing a tangible connection to the natural world. They serve as important resources for the study and conservation of tree species, offering insights into the diversity and complexity of forests around the globe.